These diseases are very dangerous for the Makhana crop, know how to prevent them
Makhana Cultivation: One of the most lucrative crops for farmers is makhana. However, producers must take care of a number of crucial issues if they want to acquire a decent yield from this crop at a reasonable cost. In fact, illnesses that affect other fruits also damage makhana, and the more severe the ailment, the lower the makhana yield. Less research has been done on Makhana illnesses.
Disease of seed, root, and stem rot
The following fungi are responsible for this illness in Makhana cultivation. When seeds infected with Fusarium, Pythium, Phytophthora, or Rhizoctonia begin to rot, even if they germinate, their roots begin to rot as well. The plant eventually dies when its growth ceases. This disease also affects the bottom portions of Makhana plants, causing brown, round to boat-shaped patches to grow on them. This causes the plants to wilt.
Administration
Since seeds and soil may spread this illness, it is essential to gather and destroy the afflicted plants. Farming should always be done in clean water. adhere to a two- to three-year crop cycle. Obtaining seeds from healthy plants is essential since this disease is also spread via seeds. Cleaning the seeds and seed coat is a good idea. The seeds must be treated with fungicides such as Captan or Thiram (0.3%) before planting.
Disease of Leaf Spots
Fungi such as Phytophthora and Cercospora are the cause of this illness. The illness begins with the formation of a huge, irregularly shaped spot on the leaves, which becomes light brown at first, then black, and finally separates from the plant. As a result, the impacted plant finally perishes.
Administration
The following precautions should be taken in order to avoid this disease: maintaining a clean pond. The required amounts of fertilizer and manure should be applied. The fungicides Thiram or Captan ought to be applied to the seedlings. The disease’s severity may be decreased by spraying the afflicted plants with Blightox-50 at a rate of 3.5 grams per liter of water. One milliliter of linseed oil, sticker, or tipal should be added per liter of this solution.
Disease caused by fruit rot
The diseased plants seem healthy, but the undeveloped fruits begin to perish. Fruit rot is caused by an unidentified disease. A 0.3 percent (3 mg per liter of water) solution of carbendazim and Dithane M 45 may be sprayed on the leaves to control this disease.
Blight illness
Alternaria tenuis is the pathogen that causes this illness. This illness causes the plants to grow mold. When this illness reaches its final stage, the leaves seem totally blighted. Two to three times, separated by 15 days, plants should be sprayed with a 0.3% solution of copper oxidation, dithane Z 78, or dithane M 45 (3 grams of medication per liter of water) to protect them against this illness.
Hypertrophy
Because of their aberrant growth, the diseased plants’ blooms and foliage suffer severe harm. For Makhana plants, this is not regarded as a significant disease, nevertheless. In plants, a fungus known as Dosaniopsis ureli is also the cause of this disease. This disease causes harm to the bottom portion of the plants and prevents seeds from forming in the blooms. Efforts to safeguard Makhana plants from this disease are currently ongoing.
Leaf Yellowing
A bacteria known as Xanthomonas is the cause of this illness. The primary sign of this illness is the yellowing and cessation of leaf growth. The stems get black patches. The infected fruits and stems release brown-white fluids.
Administration
Clean water must be used for Makhana cultivation in order to avoid this illness. Always use seeds coated with fungicides while planting. It is preferable to use a fungicide called Blitox-50 (3000 ppm) along with an antibiotic called Streptomycin (250 ppm) or Agrimycin (250 ppm). One milliliter of linseed oil per liter of fluid is a suitable amount.
