Do these 10 effective measures after the first irrigation of wheat, the crop will never be spoiled

Wheat Cultivation: Wheat is mostly grown in North India during the Rabi season, when effective fertilizer and irrigation management is essential to the crop’s growth. After the first watering, a suitable environment is produced for the development of pathogens (such as bacteria and fungus) in the crop at the right temperature and moisture content, increasing the likelihood of disease outbreaks. The following actions may be followed to control the condition…

1. Check the Crop Regularly

• After the first watering, check the field often to look for signs of disease on the plants, such as yellowing, blight, or spots on the leaves.
• At this period, major wheat diseases, including blast, leaf blight, brown rust, and yellow rust (also known as stripe rust), might spread more widely.
• By recognizing the disease’s signs early on, it is simple to manage.

2. Managing water to avoid illness

After the first watering, avoid letting the land get soggy since this gives pathogens an ideal habitat. Depending on the soil type and weather, schedule the irrigation. Light watering should be done if there is a chance of frost after the first irrigation to protect the plants from the cold.

3. Use of fertilizers in moderation

Avoid using too much nitrogen fertilizer because it encourages the growth of fragile, succulent crop tissues that are easy targets for diseases. When phosphorus and potash fertilizers are used in balance, plants become more resistant to disease. Additionally, make adequate use of micronutrients like sulfur and zinc.

4. Choosing cultivars that are resistant to illness

Before planting, choose wheat cultivars that are resistant to disease. such as disease-resistant types of leaf spot and yellow rust. Use the types that the central and state agricultural institutions, as well as the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), prescribe.

5. Chemical and biological therapies

A. Treatment with biology

• Apply a biological fungicide made of Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma viride.
• Seed treatment: Use 5–10 grams of organic fungicide per kilogram of seed.
• Apply 50 kg of cow dung manure and 2.5 kg of organic fungicide to the field as a soil treatment. When a disease outbreak is evident in the field, use an organic solution.

B. Chemical processing

• Apply tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% WG (0.1%) or propiconazole 25% EC (0.1%) on yellow rust (stripe rust).
• Apply mancozeb 75% WP (2.5 grams per liter of water) to leaves that have blight.
• Use fungicides of the strobilurin class to treat blast disease.

6. Crop residue management and field hygiene

Crop leftovers may either be used to create organic manure or removed from the land. Diseased plants should be removed and destroyed right away in the field. Burning waste has an adverse effect on the health of the soil.

7. Use a system of mixed crops

In addition to wheat, grow intercropping crops like mustard, gram, or coriander. These crops aid in ending the illness cycle. By maintaining enough air movement between the plants, a mixed cropping system helps to regulate the moisture content.

8. Actions to strengthen resilience to illness

Apply silicon-based compounds to the plants after the first watering to help them become more resistant to disease. Apply seaweed-based biofertilizers to plants to enhance their development.

9. Attend to crop and weather conditions

After the first watering, there is a significant chance of yellow rust if the temperature drops and the humidity rises. Apply fungicide promptly to control the illness in such a scenario. Keep the water vapor equilibrium in the root zones if the temperature is high.

10. Make use of the illness information and monitoring system

Consult the agriculture department or regional agricultural institutions for guidance on managing diseases. Observe the warnings and recommendations made by agricultural specialists.